Physiological Effect of Extended Photoperiod and Green Wavelength on the Pituitary Hormone, Sex Hormone and Stress Response in Chub Mackerel, Scomber japonicus

Chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus, is heavily farmed and harvested due to its demand as a high-quality protein source rich in fatty acids. However, the effects of environmental cues on sexual maturation fish remain understudied. We aim elucidate effect light manipulation hormones related reproduction stress response species. Mackerel were exposed different photoperiods (12 h light:12 dark or 14 light:10 dark) wavelengths (provided by white fluorescent bulbs green LEDs). Total RNA extracted from brain was assayed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (a powerful technique for advancing functional genomics) blood plasma analyzed via immunoassay using ELISA kits. The mRNA expression gene-encoding gonadotropin-releasing hormone, gonadotropin follicle-stimulating luteinizing hormone significantly increased through use an extended photoperiod wavelength, which also testosterone 17?-estradiol levels. Plasma levels cortisol glucose, are indicators response, decreased LED exposure. Our results indicate that conditions affect production pituitary sex hormones, reduce S. japonicus.